Taipei: When Emperor Hirohito announced Japan's unconditional surrender on Aug. 15, 1945, marking the end of World War II, a group of young Taiwanese serving at a Navy arsenal in Kouza, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, experienced a mix of emotions.
According to Focus Taiwan, the Kouza Arsenal was established in 1942 following Japan's losses in the Pacific naval battles, particularly the Battle of Midway. To bolster its defense, Japan built the arsenal to produce Raiden (Thunderbolt) interceptors to protect the mainland. Among the workforce were young Taiwanese, aged 13 to 18, known as the "Sparrow Corps." By the war's end, these youths had constructed 128 Raiden fighter aircraft, a significant portion of Japan's total production. This effort supported the Imperial Japanese Navy's 302nd Air Group in defending Tokyo Bay.
Former lawmaker Ho Min-hao, who chairs the Taiwan-Japan Kouzakai Friendship Association, shared his uncle Ho Chun-shu's memories of the surrender announcement. Many Taiwanese workers were overwhelmed, collapsing to their knees in tears, while others felt relieved to return home. Chen Chen-chien, another youth worker, described his mixed emotions, realizing the war was over yet questioning the defeat despite their hard work.
The recruitment of these young workers was organized by the Taiwan Governor-General's Office, offering a work-study program with academic benefits. Although the plan aimed to recruit 30,000 youths, only 8,419 qualified after rigorous selection processes. These young workers, considered elite students, were trained in various manufacturing skills before being sent to factories like Kouza.
Ho Chun-shu, unable to continue his education due to financial constraints, joined the program for its salary and educational promises. The wages provided a significant economic advantage, allowing young workers to support their families. The program also promised post-war educational opportunities, motivating many to participate despite the challenges.
The conditions in Japan were harsh, with cold weather and wartime dangers. More than 50 Taiwanese youths lost their lives, and Ho Chun-shu witnessed a bombing that killed six workers. Despite these hardships, the youth maintained their bond, later forming the Taiwan Kouza Association to foster Taiwan-Japan relations.
Ho Min-hao emphasized the importance of preserving Taiwan's history and its unique bond with Japan. He highlighted the role of youth workers and organizations like the Taiwan-Japan Maritime Exchange Association in maintaining these ties over the decades.